Fall 2008 - Tuesdays 6-10pm, 721 Broadway, Rm 674
Introduction to Moving Image Archiving and Preservation H72.1800
Syllabus 1.86
(also see Fall 2005
or Fall 2006
or Fall 2007 syllabus)
(latest version of syllabus always at http://miap.hosting.nyu.edu/program/08fall/intro-syllabus08.shtml )
Instructor: Howard
Besser Office
Hours: Tu 4:00-5:45 PM, 665 Broadway, rm 612, and by appointment
Course Description: This graduate-level course introduces and contextualizes aspects of the archiving and preservation of film, video, and new media. We will consider the moving image and sound recording media as material objects, as technologies with histories. We will contextualize them within culture, politics, industries, and economics. Topics include: conservation and preservation principles, organization and access, restoration, collecting, curatorship, and programming, legal issues and copyright, and emerging issues in digital media.
Designed for students entering the profession of moving image archiving, the course examines the history of archiving and preservation and the development of the field’s theories, practices, and professional identities. We will consider the tasks and areas of specialization practiced by moving image professionals and how these are changing and multiplying in the digital era.
Required readings: There is no single book, or even set of books, for this multiperspectival, interdisciplinary field and course. The book that should start out the course is out of print, but read it on reserve.
• Penelope Houston, Keepers of the Frame: The Film Archives (BFI, 1994) [one at Bobst Library Reserves Desk, TR886.3 H68] (& A .pdf file of part of the book will be online at the Blackboard site)
The other readings will be essays and documents handed out in class or (most often) made available in digital form (available through links on the course website or pdf files on the course Blackboard site; and electronic library documents via Bobst Library portals). The U.S. national plans for television/video and film preservation are on-line, as are NFPF publications. We will also read articles from the AMIA journal, The Moving Image. The 2004-06 issues are available to you in .html and .pdf formats via Project Muse (see Bobst Library databases).Note: Some readings (ie those in the "Restricted" directory on Howard's website) are only available if you have logged in via the NYU domain. If you are using another ISP, you must either run a proxy server or be on campus to access these documents. Please print paper copies for yourself when any electronic versions are required reading. Keep them handy for marking, reviewing.
“Blackboard” – This online resource will host some of the course documents. Access NYU Blackboard Course Sites with a valid NYU Net ID and password through the Blackboard Classes list in NYUHome (https://home.nyu.edu). Click on the “Academics” tab, then click on the course link in the list provided. If the class link does not appear in your list, try clicking the "Update Classes Information" link at the bottom of the channel. Help is at ITS Client Services (212) 998-3333, or NYU Blackboard Help Request Form .
Objectives: After completing the course you should be able to …
- understand professional protocols of moving image archivists;
- define the key concepts in moving images preservation, conservation, restoration, access, research, education, and use;
- participate in debates about moving image preservation and archiving;
- discuss ways in which practices of archiving affect the writing of history and the production of media;
- assess the curatorial needs of collections, materials, and institutions;
- articulate access policies and procedures;
- demonstrate familiarity with key copyright issues;
- describe principles and philosophies of audio-visual archiving, including ethical concerns, collection issues,
- demonstrate knowledge of different types of institutions relevant to professional archivists, including private, public, governmental, commercial, local, regional and national archives, as well as museums, libraries, digital repositories, galleries, broadcasters, cinematheques, laboratories, schools, and others.
Requirements: Course grades [A, A-, B+, B, B-, C+, C, C-, D, F] will be determined by performance in the following areas. MIAP students must earn a grade a B or better to advance.
Attendance and Participation
(25%) Attend all meetings of the course.
Participate actively in all discussions.
Participation will also measured by your completion of short
assignments given occasionally. These required short assignments
will
be announced throughout the semester. Most will consist of a
brief
written response (ca. 500-words), sometimes due a week after its
assignment. All assignments and readings will be listed on the
syllabus on the date due, so be sure to scan ahead on the syllabus.
You must also monitor the electronic discussion supervised by the
Association for Moving Image Archivists (AMIA-L).
Subscribe via
e-mail.
Group Research report (25%)
Research and write a report on a single piece of under-researched film
or video. You and one or two classmates will be provided an
access copy of
an
original item about which little is known. Studying the film’s
content, historical context, archival and material conditions, your
group will
compose a written report assessing the piece’s significance and
recommend a preservation and presentation plan. Your group will
also have to present this as an oral class presentation.
Proposal (10%) A proposal for your final project, including preliminary research bibliography and a prospectus . (3-4 pages).
Individual Final project (40%) A
substantive,
in-depth, individual research project. Integrate archival
research
with one or more set of moving image materials (or related materials,
such as audio, photographic or paper documents), or develop an essay
and documentation on an archival project stemming from issues in the
course. This project will have a written component, plus you will
be graded on your class presnetation of your project during the final
class session.
The
topic of your final project must be approved before
submitting a formal proposal. You will receive an additional list
of
possible projects, but you may also propose a project of your own
invention. Look at the MIAP web site to see projects that
students
have done previously. The best projects tend to work with
available
primary materials.
Some
general options to consider include:
- Research and write a plan for a film or video that needs preservation and/or restoration. This might include a combination of the following: locate existing elements and prints, identify differences between extant copies, do interviews and historical research about the production and post-production, create a budget for restoration.
- Write an essay comparing two archival institutions of differing types (e.g., a public library and a state archive or historical society). Analyze how institutional differences affect moving image archival practice (acquisition, cataloging, access, preservation).
- Your project might also lead to a thesis
project if it’s expandable. Or your final Intro course project
might
also grown out of the first research report you do with a classmate.
- Plan an exhibition series for historic moving image material. Select the works to show, check print and date availability, write program notes, plan a publicity campaign, coordinate with tie-in activities or events, ...
- list of other
possibilities from previous years
Sept 2 Introduction to Entire
Class
Topics covered:
- What is this class about? (non-MIAP students should pay more attention to both the "Professional Organizations" reading next week, and should read notes on academic programs; MIAP students will get more details on these in Internship class and in Orientation)
- Films/Videos/DVD clips on the act of moving image preservation, as well as how preserved material is reused and represented in different ways
- -Nobody's Business 1996 (VHS)
- -Arms of Strangers-Kindertransport 2000 (DVD)
- -JFK 1991 (DVD)
- -Zelig 1983 (DVD)
- -Capturing the Friedmans 2003 (DVD)
- -Out Foxed: Rupert Murdoch's War on Journalism 2004 (DVD)
- -Lost Horizon 1937 (DVD)
- -Metropolis 1927 (DVD)
- -Big Sleep 1946 (DVD)
- -Tribulation 99 1992 (video)
- Jib-Jab's Time for Campaignin' (2008)
- Republican Convention scenes -- Journalist Amy
Goodman arrested Sept 1, 2008
- -The Image Mill (2008) by Robert Lepage
- Howard's images
- Robert Lepage's Ex
Machina website
- Massive Robert Lepage show reflects Quebec City's story, CBC News/The Canadian Press, July 10, 2008
- Why is conservation and preservation important?
- Who has taken on the responsibility for moving image and sound preservation?
- What are the issues involved in making visual materials persist over time? How do we decide which materials should persist over time?
- What are some of the organizations that hold moving image and sound material? (Film Studios, TV stations, large public film & television archives, media preservation depts. w/i larger collecting institutions, small non-profits preserving their own media, ...)
- What are some of the Professional Organizations that Moving Image Archivists belong to? And at what conferences can one learn about professional issues? (AMIA, FIAF, FIAT, AIC, AAM, MCN, SMPTE, ALA, Orphans, SCMS)
- What are basic functions? (identification, selection [of both "content" and equipment], appraisal, ...)
- What are the various professional practices that moving image archiving and preservation professionals draw from? (cataloging, reference, exhibition, fundraising, budgeting, management, ...)
- What are the various roles or tasks we are responsible for?
- What are the structures like of film and other moving image works?
- News ariticles
- Disney's
rights to young Mickey Mouse may be wrong, LA Times, Aug 22, 2008
- Woman
can sue over YouTube clip de-posting. SF Chronicle, Aug 21, 2008
- White
House loses up to 225 days of e-mails, SF Chronicle, Aug 21, 2008
Sept 9 Modes and Artifacts of
Moving Image Production: Video, Audio, and New Media; Issues of Risk
Assessment
with all forms of Moving Image Works
Assignments due before class:
- Look closely at Weblinks for Professional Organizations
- Bring an audio or video recording device, if you own one, and (if it uses tape) a tape that can be recorded upon.
- Read:
- Johnson, Jane. Overview: Preservation "Lay of the Land"
- Johnson, Jane. Overview: Cataloging "Lay of the Land"
- Packer, Randall and Ken Jordan (eds.) "Overture" in Multimedia: From Wagner to Virtual Reality (2001), p. xiii - xxxi.
- Besser, Howard (1994). Fast Forward: The Future of Moving Image Collections , in Gary Handman (ed.), Video Collection Management and Development: A Multi-Type Library Perspective, Westport, CT: Greenwood, p. 411-426.
- Roosa, Mark, "Videotape Analysis and Evaluation" and
Adelstein, Peter, "Videotape Storage" in Playback: A Preservation
Primer for Video (1998), p.5-17. Shorter earlier versions of this
are at http://palimpsest.stanford.edu/byorg/bavc/pb96/
(look under both "Presentation Transcripts" and under "Abstracts").
- Further Readings
- American Library Association. "Audio Preservation: A Selected Annotated Bibliography and Brief Summary of Current Practices" (7 March 2003)
- National Institute of Standards & Technology and Care and Council on Library and Information Resources. Handling Guide for the Preservation of CDs and DVDs, NIST Special Publication 500-252, May 2003
- Canter, Marc "The New Workstation: CD ROM Authoring Systems" in Multimedia: From Wagner to Virtual Reality (2001), p. 179-188.
Topics covered:
- Examination of recording devices
- Discussion of handling audio and new media
- Kitchen Sisters. Sonic
Memorial stored on Center for History & New Media's Sept 11 Digital Archive.
- Discussion of general landscape: professional organizations
& professionalism, preservation, cataloging, future changing
landscape
- Who makes/has made new media? What artifacts exist as a result of the production? What gets saved and is lost?
- Knowing more about film/video/sound/new media artifacts, what does that tell you about risks to the materials? What about their needs for description and care?
- New Media
- News Articles
- RealNetworks to Introduce a DVD Copier, NY Times, Sep 8, 2008
- Charges Said to Be Voided for Bicyclist, NY Time, Sep 4, 2008
- Youtube video of Channel 11 News and of original Youtube posting: Critical Mass Bike rider Attacked By NYPD officer
- xx
Sept 16 Modes & Artifacts
of Moving Image Production: General Discussion & Film, Basic
Distribution Issues
Assignments due before class:
- Visit Section 2 (Film Specifics: Stocks and Soundtracks) of the Home Film Preservation Guide
- Visit the descriptions of the 4 film gauges on the homepage of http://www.littlefilm.org/
- Read:
- Ascher, Steven and Edward Pincus, "Introduction to Film and Video Systems" in The Filmmaker's Handbook: A Comprehensive Guide for the Digital Age, New York: Plume, 1999, pp 1-44
- Anthony Slide, Nitrate Won’t Wait: A History of Film Preservation in the United States (McFarland, 2000): “Newsreel Preservation and the National Archives,” 25-35; “Thanks to the Film Collectors,” 45-60; “Stock Footage Libraries,” 134-44.
- Distribution Issues--look over Internet Archive, BBC Creative Archive, BBC Motion Gallery, NPR
Archives, and BBC World
Service, then read:
- Internet Archive. Collections Blog on
science & technology audiovisual collections.
- BBC--Auntie
dusts off more old gems for online archive trial, Independent
(London), August 12, 2007
- Sieling, Neil. Digital and Tangible: How DVDs Are Impacting Independent Media, ReNew Media website
- Quint, Barbara. National Archives Partners With CreateSpace and Amazon to Digitize Movies, Information Today Newsbreaks, August 6, 2007
- National Archives. Thousands of National Archives Films to Be Made Available Through CustomFlix Labs, Press release, July 30, 2007
- NARA/Amazon
legal agreement (courtesy of Rick Prelinger)
- Recommended:
- Child, Margaret S. 1993. Directory of information sources on scientific research related to the preservation of sound recordings, still and moving images and magnetic tape . Washington, D.C.: The Committee on Preservation and Access.
- Screen Sound Australia Technical Glossary of Common Audiovisual Terms
- Wasko, Janet. "The Way We Were: An historical look at Hollywood and technology in Hollywood in the Information Age, Austin: University of Texas Press, 1995, pp 7-20
Topics covered:
- Research Report assignment
discussion; Final Projects discussion
- Examples
from both Research Reports and Final Projects
- Selected
examples
- Work from 2003 Clips Movietone
- Fox Movietone Newsreel: Javanese Dancers (Word, 56K)
- New York City Street Scenes and Noises (Word, 35K)
- Cairo
- Television Pictures (1931) (Word, 68K)
- 2005--Orphans Project Write-Up: Master Hands (Word, 540K)
- Powerpoint, 6.2M
- Last year's Research Projects
- Suggestions for Research Reports and dividing into groups
- Suggestions for final projects
- Helping with the film portion of Marist College NHPRC
grant for Lowell Thomas Collection
- Pacifica Radio GBLT
collection
- What artifacts exist as a result of the production? What gets saved and what gets lost? Knowing production process can aid identification. Detective work and how ancillary materials are both cultural artifacts and clues. Sources for gauges & types of moving image material.
- Begin discussion of identification of different formats and gages of video and film, as well as when they evolved. Who makes/has made moving image and sound material? Different eras, modes of production have different artifacts. Role of manufacturers and information industries.
- Materiality and
Deterioration of Film/Video
- Lot 49 meeting in Culpeper
- News Articles
- Democracy Now: Voices
from StoryCorps Recordings of Friends, Kin of Victims Killed in the
Attacks, Sept 11, 2008
- A
Jukebox on MySpace That Takes Aim at Apple, NY Times, Sep 16, 2008
- On Sept 23 we will meet at 6:10 in Alan Berliner's Tribecca studio. Make sure that you show up there rather than in our regular classroom. And take a look at his website beforehand to get an idea of the kinds of films he makes.
Sept 23 Film Artifact & Preservation Issues
Assignments due before class
- Meet at 6:10PM at Alan Berliner's Tribecca studio (13 Vestry St, about a block west of Canal and 6th Ave)
- Read:
- www.alanberliner.com,
including bio, resume, and Philip Lopate’s “American Family Life Wittily Revealed,” New York Times, Jan. 12, 1997.
- Gracy, Karen. "Documenting the Process of Film Preservation", The Moving Image 3:1 (Spring 2003), pp 1-41
-
- Read, Paul and Mark-Paul Meyer. "Introduction to the Restoration of Motion Picture Film" and "Menschen am Sonntag--a Reconstruction and Documentation Case Study", Restoration of Motion Picture Film, Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2000, pp 1-5 and pp 231-241
- Gartenberg, Jon, "The Fragile Emulsion", The Moving Image 2:2 (Fall 2002), pp 142-152
-
-
Frye, Brian. "The Accidental Preservationist: An Interview
with Bill Brand", Film History
15:2 (2003), p 214 [reprinted in MIAP's co-publication -- Andrew
Lampert (ed) Results you can't refuse: celebrating 30 years of BB
Optics, New York: Anthology Film Archive, 2006]
-
- Screen Sound Australia Film Preservation Handbook (parts you havenít read yet)
- Screen Sound Australia Film Preservation Handbook (first 5 sections: Film Construction through Damage to Film)
- Baker, Nicholson. (1996) The Size of Thoughts. New York: Random House, pp. 36-50 "The Projector."
- Annette Melville and Scott Simmon, Film Preservation
1993: A Study of the Current State of American Film Preservation
(Report to the Library of Congress) read Executive Summary,
Sections: 1-3, 9, 10 (reading other sections would be good as well!)
- Gregory Lukow, "The Politics of Orphanage: The Rise and Impact of the 'Orphan Film' Metaphor on Contemporary Preservation Practice" (1999) www.sc.edu/filmsymposium/orphanfilm.html
- Rick Prelinger, introduction to The Field Guide to Sponsored Films (NFPF, 2006); peruse the filmography.
- Rick Prelinger and Raegan Kelly, “Panorama Ephemera,” Vectors:
Journal of Culture and Technology in a Dynamic Vernacular 2.1 (2006)
vectors.usc.edu/index.php?page=7&projectId=58
- Recommended
- Blasko, Edward, ed., The Book of Film Care, Rochester: Eastman Kodak, 1992.
- Eastman Kodak, "Dealing With a Laboratory", Motion Picture Film, Rochester: Eastman Kodak, 2000.
- Look through issues of FIAF's Journal of Film Preservation
- Review some of the resources listed in Conservation Online's Preservation of Motion Picture Film
- Screen Sound Australia " How to Care for your Film "
Topics covered:
- Knowing more about film artifacts, what does that tell you about risks to the material? What about its needs for description and care?
- What are some of the major issues with film preservation?
Sept 30 Collections
Management: Issues and Approaches
Assignments due before class:
- Select 1 title from the filmography in The
Field Guide to Sponsored Films that is also available at the
Internet Archive (archive.org). Briefly, compare the
data/metadata found in the Field Guide
for that title to the information about that title found at
archive.org. View the moving image version of the title you find
there.
www.archive.org/details/movies. Note any significant or surprising differences between the Field Guide entry and the movie itself.
- Read:
- Position Paper On Conservation & Preservation In Collecting Institutions
- Whitson, Helene and Gerry Yeager, "Arrangement and Description" in Steven Davidson and Gregory Lukow, The Administration of Television Newsfilm and Videotape Collections: A Curatorial Manual, Los Angeles: American Film Institute (1997), p. 127 - 148.
- Annette Melville, ed., "Film Handling", The Film Preservation Guide, San Francisco: The Film Preservation Foundation, 2004, pp 19-33.
- Newborg, Gerald G., "A Case Study: Newsfilm Preservation Project at The State Historical Society of North Dakota" in Steven Davidson and Gregory Lukow, The Administration of Television Newsfilm and Videotape Collections: A Curatorial Manual, Los Angeles: American Film Institute (1997), p. 59 - 68.
- Further Readings
- Moving Image Collections (MIC) Cataloging and Metadata Resources
- “AMIM2”-- Archival Moving Image Materials: A Cataloging Manual 2nd ed. (Washington, DC: Library of Congress, 2000). excerpts
Topics covered:
- Discussion of film artifacts (from last week)
- Discussion on metadata differences between the Field Guide,
archive.org, and the digital versions of the films themselves
- Metadata Talk, Metadata Issues, FRBR
- Intro to cataloging and value of description (MARC, EAD, DBs, ...)
- MARC/AACR2-Bobcat, MIC
- EAD-Online Archive of
California
- Database-IMAP Cataloging Template
- Discussion of Final Projects
- Appraisal, selection, description, sorting, organizing
- Risk Management discussion
- What is the impact of appraisal and selection (or the lack thereof) on what gets preserved?
- What are practices for tracking information about moving images?
- What are other typical tasks in collection management of archival collections?
- How might they differ for moving image/sound materials and other materials such as paper or photographs?
- News Articles & topical events
- Creative Time's Democracy in America: The National Campaign
- Art: With Politics in the Air, a Freedom Free-for-All Comes to Town, Holland Carter, NY Times, Sep 22, 2008
- Howard's photos
- Who Owns the Law? Arguments May Ensue, NY Times, Sep 28, 2008
- What’s in the Cards for SanDisk? Music, NY Times, Sep 22, 2008
- Cheney
Is Ordered to Preserve Records, NY Times, Sep 20, 2008
Oct 7 Collecting in
Context: Theoretical Underpinnings
Assignments due before class:
- Final project proposal due
- Read:
- Anne J. Gilliland-Swetland. Enduring Paradigm, New Opportunities: The Value of the Archival Perspective in the Digital Environment , Council on Library & Information Resources, pub89, pp 1-16 [document pages 1-16, not Acrobat pages 1-16]
- Belk, Russell W. "A Brief History of Collecting," in Collecting in Consumer Society. New York: Routledge, 1995, pages 22-64
- Benjamin, Walter. "Unpacking My Library: A Talk about Book Collecting." Illuminations. Ed. and intro. by Hannah Arendt. Trans. Harry Zohn. New York: Schocken Books, 1969, pp 59-67
- Pearce, Susan M. "Collecting Processes," in On Collecting: An Investigation into collecting in the European tradition . New York: Routledge, 1995, pages 3-35
- Jean Baudrillardís "The System of Collecting." In John Elsner and Roger Cardinal, eds., Cultures of Collecting, pp. 7-24. London: Reaktion, 1994, translated by Roger Cardinal.
- Further Readings
- Pierre Bourdieu, The field of cultural production: essays on art and literature, Cambridge: Polity, 1993
- Marita Sturken and Lisa Cartwright in Practices of Looking: An Introduction to Visual Culture (Oxford University Press, 2001)
- Buckland, Michael. (1997) What is a Document?", Journal of the American Society for Information Science 48 (9), pp. 804-809
- Harrison, Helen P. (ed.). Audiovisual Archives. A practical reader for the AV Archivists. 1997
- Benjamin, Walter. "The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction" Illuminations. Ed. and intro. by Hannah Arendt. Trans. Harry Zohn. New York: Schocken Books, 1969, pp 217-251
- John Berger. Ways of Seeing , New York: Viking, 1972
- Barbara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett "Objects of Ethnography" in Ivan Karp and Steven Lavine (eds.) Exhibiting Cultures: The Poetics and Politics of Museum Display, Washington: Smithsonian Press, 1991, pp 386-443
- Pearce, Susan M. "Collecting in Time" in On Collecting: An Investigation into collecting in the European tradition. New York: Routledge, 1995 pages 235-254
- Drucker, Johanna. "The Codex and Its Variations." The Century of Artists' Books. New York: Granary Books, 1997. 121-59
Topics covered:
- Discussion of Final Projects
- Discussion on metadata differences between the Field Guide,
archive.org, and the digital versions of the films themselves
- Collection Management (continued)
- Continuation of Metadata Talk and Metadata Issues
- Archival Arrangement--maintaining original order, context, relationships
- Metadata Standards (EAD, Dublin Core, MARC)
- Appraisal, selection, description, sorting, organizing
- Risk Management discussion
- Why do we collect?
- Extensive questions to ponder
- Issues of evidence and authenticity
- Issues of representation
- Who collects what? for whom? and why? How do collections define their collectors? How have museums influenced colonialism, nationalism, and taxonomies (categories) of knowledge? What kinds of interdependence exists between institutions of collecting and certain methodological goals of art history and anthropology? How can we learn to read exhibits critically? What is a ërhetoricí or ëpoeticsí of display? Why do people keep personal collections of objects? How do ethnicities and genders appear--or disappear--in museum contexts? How do museums also function to support a local community memory and history? How do artists view museums as social institutions? How can we imagine collecting practices and museums in the future? How can the history of collecting be read as an interdisciplinary intellectual practice?
- Why do we need museums? What should they look like? Why do we collect things? What kinds of museums and collections might we have in the future? What role might electronic media play in the rethinking of the museum? Would changes in museum practice necessitate changes in the disciplines of art history and anthropology?
- How are moving images and sound part of the larger visual culture and ways of looking and seeing? How does our understanding of visual culture impact our role in moving image archiving and preservation?
- How do reformatting and multiple formats of the same work change how we look at a work? (e.g., are videos the same as films? Are digital photographs the same as analog photos?)
- Is there a social context to viewing an object? (is viewing a video at home the same as viewing a film in a theater? Is viewing a mural on a screen the same as viewing it in-situ?)
- Who attributes value to a work, and under what circumstances? How does one deal with the different values that different communities may have towards any particular set of works?
- Are there ethical considerations in format conversions (e.g., film colorization, pan-and-scan?)
- News articles & events
- Creative
License: A Conversation About Music, Sampling and Fair Use
- quoting in print world vs quoting in music world
Oct 14 NO CLASS (School Holiday)
Oct 21 Collecting Institutions:
History and Culture of Museums, Archives, and other Repositories
Assignments due before class
- Read:
- Mann, Sarah Ziebell. "The Evolution of American Moving Image Preservation: Defining the Preservation Landscape (1967-1977)", The Moving Image 1:2 (Fall 2001), pp 1-20
- Magliozzi, Ronald. "Film Archiving as a Profession: An Interview with Eileen Bowser", The Moving Image 3:1 (Spring 2003), pp 132-146
- Edmondson, Ray. "You Only Live Once: On Being a Troublemaking Professional", The Moving Image 2:1 (Spring 2002), pp 175-183
- Jorge Luis Borges, The Library of Babel , from Labyrinths (or The Book of Sand) (see review )
- Besser, Howard (1997). The Changing Role of Photographic Collections with the Advent of Digitization , in Katherine Jones-Garmil (ed.), The Wired Museum, Washington: American Association of Museums, pages 115-127.
-
Further Readings:
- "Why Ethics?" in Marie Malaro, Museum Governance: Mission, Ethics, Policy, pages 16-21
- "Controlled Collecting: Drafting a Collection Management Policy" in Marie Malaro, Museum Governance: Mission, Ethics, Policy , pages 43-49
- O'Toole, James. (1990) "The History of the Archives Profession." In Understanding Archives and Manuscripts. Chicago: Society of American Archivists., pp. 27-47
- Douglas, Mary. (1986) "Institutions Cannot Have Minds of Their Own." In How Institutions Think. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, pp 9-19
- Jane R. Glaser with Artemis A. Zenetou, "Museum Professional Positions: Qualifications, Duties, and Responsibilities," Museums: A Place to Work: Planning Museum Careers (London; New York: Routledge, 1996), 65-125
- Libbie Rifkin, "Association/Value: Creative Collaborations in the Library ", RBM: A Journal of Rare Books, Manuscripts, and Cultural Heritage, 2:2
Topics covered:
- Show video from Film Technology; DVD from ColorLab
- from student project proposals: issue of opportunistic
collection development
- from student project proposals and group history projects: This field isn't old enough to have a
large established literature. Most projects need to go through
iterative, and change direction based upon how much info may be
available
- from student project proposals: Panofsky,
Shatford/Layne--pre-iconographic/Iconographic/Iconological (see TASI's Challenge
of Describing Images)
- How do the mission, goals, history, other activities, etc., of various repositories affect how moving images and sound are preserved and accessed?
- What are the roles of different professionals in each type of institution?
- What type of Professionalism is associated with each type of role & each institution
- How has the role of collecting institutions changed as more and more people have started taking photographs of everyday life? How might changes in popular attitude towards this media effect expectations on collecting institutions? How will collecting institutions handle personal archives that no longer are only paper? And how will this all change even more as the number of home video cameras and digital editing vastly increases?
- How do politics affect cultural heritage institutions as they strive to serve new audiences? (the Enola Gay incident?)
- News articles:
- McCain Fights for the Right to Remix on YouTube, By Saul Hansell, NY TImes, Oct 14, 2008 (updated Oct 15; appears in Oct 20 print edition)
- Copyright and Politics Don't Mix, Lawrence Lessig opinion piece, NY TImes, Oct 21, 2008
Oct 28 Perspectives on
Collecting, Conservation & Preservation
Assignments due before class:
- Read:
- So You Want to Be an Archivist: An Overview of the Archival Profession
- The Society of American Archivists: Description and Brief History
- A Code of Ethics for Archivists with Commentary
- AIC Code of Ethics and Standards of Practice (American Institute for the Conservation of Artistic and Historic Works)
- International Federation of Film Archives (FIAF) Code of Ethics
- Definitions Of Conservation Terminology
- American Library Association Preservation Policy 2001
- Edmondson, Ray. Audiovisual
archiving: Philosophy and Principles. Paris: UNESCO, April
30, 2004 June (CI/2004/WS/2) (http://www.ccaaa.org/news_010504.htm)
http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0013/001364/136477e.pdf
- Brooks, Connie, "Videotape Preservation: Ethical Considerations", Playback: A Preservation Primer for Video, p. 18-24. On reserve in Bobst Library and study center.
- Recommended: View video Slow Fires: On the Preservation of the Human Record. Available in Bobst Library and in the Film Study Center.
- CCAAA site [www.ccaaa.org): “Policies and Standards” tab documents, especially the paper about a new UNESCO instrument.
- The existing UNESCO instrument “Recommendation for the
Safeguarding and Preservation of Moving Images” (1980) at
portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=13139&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html -
• UNESCO’s “Memory of the World” Program
portal.unesco.org/ci/en/ev.php-URL_ID=1538&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html
Topics covered:
- Panel discussion including professionals from different organizations and fields:
- Carol Stringari, Chief Conservator, Guggenheim Museum of Art
- Barbara Mathe, Senior Special Collections Librarian,American Museum of Natural History
- Duane Watson, president of the Wilderstein Preservation Board of Directors, & retired Head of Conservation, New York Public Library
- Lygia Guimaraes, Head of
Conservation, Brazil's Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e
Artístico Nacional
- What are the basic guiding principles of conservation/preservation coming from different professions and/or communities? How were they shaped?
- How have they been utilized and/or affected by moving image and recorded sound materials, through such factors as multiple copies, "born digital" formats, and changing definitions of appropriate archival mediums?
- What are some of the issues that the archive, conservation, library and independent preservation communities are addressing with regard to moving image and sound preservation?
- What are the role(s) of a moving image specialist in relation to other professionals caring for moving images and sound collections?
- Ray Edmundson, in Audiovisual archiving: Philosophy and Principles, proposes that moving image archiving is evolving as a synthesis of other archiving and preservation practices. What are the pros and cons of such an approach? What would be aspects of this synthesis from various professions?
- What are ethical considerations are fundamental to our work as moving image archiving and preservation specialists?
- Where do "de facto" archives - those organizations with important materials but untrained as preservationists - fit?
- What is the role of producers in preservation practice?
- Different NYU projects:
- Merce Cunningham project
- NYU IMLS project to improve 21st Century job situation for Moving Image Professionals within Libraries
- NYU potential Mellon proposal to research uniqueness and need
for
preservation within circulating library moving image collections
- Current Events Articles:
Nov 4 Video & Audio
Preservation Issues
Assignments due before class
- Research Report due
- Read:
- Van Bogart, Dr. John W.C., Magnetic Tape Storage and Handling: A Guide for Libraries and Archives, Washington, D.C.: The Commission on Preservation and Access and St. Paul, MN: National Media Laboratory (1995).
- AMIA Preservation Committee, Video Preservation Fact Sheets, 2003.
- Wheeler, Jim. Video Preservation Handbook, 2002.
- Norris, Debbie Hess, "Videotape Collections: Establishing Priorities for Preservation" in Playback: A Preservation Primer for Video San Francisco: Bay Area Video Coalition (1998), p.60 - 69. On reserve in Bobst Library.
- American Institute for Conservation of Historic & Artistic Works (AIC) "Caring for your Videotape "
- Recommended
- Bachman, Rebecca, Video Preservation: Glossary of Terms, originally published in Playback: A Preservation Primer for Video (1998), p.72-76.
- Council on Library & Information Resources (2004) The State of Audio Collections in Academic Libraries
- Schoenherr, Stephen, Recording Technology History, Feb. 16, 2004.
- William T. Murphy, Television and Video Preservation 1997 (Report to the Library of Congress) excerpts
Topics covered:
- Research Report presentations
- Sound
- Tape Cleaning
- "Playback" DVD
- What are some of the major issues with video and sound preservation?
- What are typical approaches to caring for and preserving video and sound?
- What is the effect of digital formats and digitization on media preservation?
- Knowing more about video/sound artifacts, what does that tell you about risks to the material? What about its needs for description and care?
- News Articles
- Antoni Muntadas & Marshall Reese, Political Advertisements
- Oct 30 MoMA screening
- UK
screening, 2004
- Muntadas' The
Board Room, 1987, and issues of conservation
Nov 11 New Media & Digital
Preservation Issues
Assignments due before class:
- View video Into the Future: On the Preservation of Knowledge in the Digital Age. Available at the Bobst Library and in the Film Study Center.
- Read:
- Besser, Howard (2001). Digital Preservation of Moving Image Materia l,The Moving Image, Fall, pages 39-55
- Besser, Howard (2000). Digital Longevity , in Maxine K. Sitts (ed.) Handbook for Digital Projects: A Management Tool for Preservation and Access
- Andover Mass: Northeast Document Conservation Center, pages 155-166
- Variable media Initiative
- Preserving the Rhizome ArtBase . Richard Rinehart
- Richard Rinehart, " Archiving the Avant Garde: Documenting and Preserving Variable Media ," D-Lib Magazine, 8 (5), May 2002
- Rinehart, Richard," The Straw that Broke the Museum's Back? Collecting and Preserving Digital Media Art Works for the Next Century "
- Besser, Howard (1997). The Transformation of the Museum and the way itís Perceived , in Katherine Jones-Garmil (ed.), The Wired Museum, Washington: American Association of Museums, pages 153-169
- Variable Media case study (from monograph)
- "Quick Reference Guide for Care and Handling" (see "the Checklist" in Byers, Fred R.. Care and Handling Guide for the Preservation of CDs and DVDs - A Guide for Librarians and Archivists. (24 June 2003).
Topics covered:
- Unfinished from last week, reviews from past classes:
- recap student Research Projects (research, topics, presentations, limited time)
- "Playback" DVD
- physical properties of tape
- Introduction NYU/Public Television preservation project
- Knowing more about digital media artifacts, what does that tell you about risks to the material? What about its needs for description and care?
- What are some of the major issues with new media preservation?
- What are the major issues facing moving image and sound archivists in the "digital age"?
- What are some of the practicalities that preservationists must address?
- What theories and predictions are being advanced?
- Does this evidential value change when materials are reformatted?What are the advantages and disadvantages of keeping different versions of materials?
- What is different between the preservation needs of material that is "born digital" and that which has been digitized?
- Is it possible to preserve digital materials unchanged?
- What are the strengths and limitations of the various proposed methods of digital preservation for different uses of cultural materials?
- As the digital world moves toward multiple uses and viewing works from different angles, how does this affect notions of context and its preservation?
- How do digital objects challenge traditional archival notions of evidence? Can ways be found to authenticate digital works, and track provenance and versioning?
- Documentaries, Actuality Footage, media art, installation art, performance art
- Documentation, treatment
- Assignment at AMIA conference
Nov 18 Access, Curating
& Programming
Assignments due before class:
- All students going to AMIA conference must attend an AMIA Task
Force or Committee meeting and give a presentation on this to class
- Look over the website of MIC-Moving
Image Collections
- Read:
- Each student should read one article from The Moving Image 4:1, Spring 2004, pages 1-88, and be prepared to present a short (5 min) summary to the rest of the class
- Atkinson, Jane. AGCS Occupational Profile: Programme Researcher: Broadcasting/film/video
- At least 3 of the papers from the March 2003 Toronto Conference Terms of Address: The Pedagogy and Politics of Film and Video Programming and Curating
- In Focus: a guide to using films / by Linda Blakaby, Dan Georgakas and Barbara Margolis. NY: Cine Information, 1980.
- American Film Distribution: the changing marketplace / by Suzanne Mary Donahue. MI: UMI Research Press, 1987
- Noriega, Chon A. "On curating," Wide Angle Vol XVII nr 1-4 (1995); p 292-304
- Gilmore, Geoff. "Sundance's agenda," Scenario Vol II nr 3 (Fall 1996); p 4-5
- Peary, Gerald. "Season of the hunt; On the practice of film festival programming," American Film Vol XVI nr 10 (Nov-Dec 1991); p 20
- PaÔni, Dominique. "Comme dans un musee" Journal of Film Preservation no 53 (Nov 1996); p 8-11 (Argues that programming in archives should be directed at building collections. Explores current explosion in film restorations within the context of archival programming.)
- MacDonald, Scott. "Avant-garde at the Flaherty," Wide Angle Vol XVII nr 1-4 (1995); p 256-267
- Besser, Howard (1998). The Shape of the 21st Century Library, in Milton Wolf et. al. (eds.), Information Imagineering: Meeting at the Interface , Chicago: American Library Association, pages 133-146
- Moving Image Collections (MIC) General Information
- Schiller, Daniel. (1988) "How to think about information." In. V. Mosco and J. Wasko (eds.), The Political Economy of Information (pp. 27-43). Madison, WI : University of Wisonsin Press. 1988
- Lievrouw, L.A. (1994) "Information Resources and Democracy: Understanding the Paradox." Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 45(6), July, pp. 350-357
- AMIA Compendium of Moving Image Cataloging Practice, edited by Abigail Leab Martin and compiled by Jane D. Johnson, Linda Tadic, Linda Elkins, Christine Lee, and Amy Wood. Society of American Archivists & AMIA, 2001. ca. 275 pp.
- Archival Moving Image Materials: A Cataloging Manual (AMIM2) . 2nd ed. revised by the AMIM Revision Committee, Motion Picture, Broadcasting, and Recorded Sound Division.Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, Cataloging Distribution Service, 2000. 1 v. ISBN 0-8444-1008-X
- Harrison, Harriet W. (comp. and ed.), for the Cataloging Commission of the International Federation of Film Archives (FIAF). The FIAF Cataloging Rules for Film Archives. Film-Television-Sound Archive Series: Volume 1. München; London; New York; Paris: K.G. Saur, 1991
Topics covered:
- Student reports from AMIA
- 7-8 see Craig Baldwin's Presentation
- follow-up from last week:
- Look at DVDs from ColorLab and LaboCine
- Discussion & logistics for final projects (10-15 min
formal presentation, slides, on-time)
- Presentation of articles from The Moving Image
- Presenting and contextualizing historical material
- Programming a series
- Repurposing
- Issues of access
- Obtaining moving image materials:
- How does one find moving image collections? (Moving Image Gateway Project)
- What are sources for clips? For ancillary materials?
- Types of resources (biographical, film indexes, union catalogs, almanacs, periodical indexes, trades, dictionaries, encyclopedias, review compilations)
- What are issues for historical research and reconstruction?
- How are moving images and sound part of the larger visual culture and ways of looking and seeing? How does our understanding of visual culture impact our role in moving image archiving and preservation?
- News articles:
- granularity & repurposing issues -- Are 3 Novels, Revised as One, a New Book?, NY Times, Nov 11, 2008
- Avant-Garde,
1920 Vintage, Is Back in Focus, NY Times, Nov 9, 2008
- Sat Nov 22 event at EAI: Expanded
Video Exhibiting and Collecting
Nov 25 Copyright, Legal
Issues, & Policy
Assignments due before class:
- Read:
- Besser, Howard. Commodification of Culture Harms Creators,The Information Commons, New Technologies, and the Future of Libraries , Issue #1, June 2002, American Library Association
- Lessig, Lawrence. Copyrighting the President: Does Big Media have a vested interest in protecting Bush? You betcha. Wired Magazine 12:8, August 2004
- Hirtel, Peter B (2003) Digital Preservation and Copyright, Copyright & Fair Use, Stanford University Libraries , November
- Bricklin, Dan (2004) Software that Lasts 200 Years
- Coyle, Karen (2003) The Technology of Copyright: Digital Rights Management, Lecture at Library of Congress (streaming video and written paper)
- Bricklin, Dan (2004) Copy Protection Robs The Future
- Bricklin, Dan (2002) The Recording Industry is Trying to Kill the Goose That Lays the Golden Egg
- Bricklin, Dan (2003) How will the Artists Get Paid?
- Coyle, Karen. (1994) "Copyright in the Digital Age." Coyle's Information Highway Handbook. Chicago : ALA, pp. 96-113
- Eldred v. Ashcroft (2003)
“A Posterity that Never Quite Arrives”: Amicus Brief of Hal Roach Studios”
- Mosco, Vincent. (1998) "Information in the Pay-per Society." In V. Mosco and J. Wasko (eds.), The Political Economy of Information,pp. 3-26. Madison, WI : University of Wisconsin Press
- The Coming of Copyright Perpetuity , New York Times Editorial, January 16, 2003
- The Eric Eldred Act FAQ
- Save Orphan Films
- Look over:
- University of Texas Crash Course in Copyright
- NYU Handbook for Use of Copyrighted Materials
- Consortium of College and University Media Centers 1996 Fair Use Guidelines for Educational Multimedia (contraversial)
- Digital Freedom
Campaign
Topics covered:
- Issues of term, territory, and market
- What are some of the practices with regard to copyright, ownership, licensing, and the use of "talent" or footage that are part of the history of a particular form of production or genre of work?
- What are some of the recent or anticipated changes in the legal arena that affect moving image/sound preservation or use?
- Effects of copyright on preservation and programming
- Avoidance of intellectual property issues
- Fair Use guidelines
- How do intellectual property issues affect preservation, access, and use of visual materials ? (e.g., the implications of the digital millennium copyright act?
- Complexity of underlying rights
- Other legal issues
- Policy issues
- News Articles
Dec 2 Digital Public Television Preservation
Assignments due before class:
Read:- look over website for National Digital Information Infrastructure Preservation Program (NDIIPP)
- look over website for Preserving
Digital Public Television
Class will end approximately 8:30 PM to give you time to work on your final projects.
Dec 11 Final Classroom
Presentations
Assignments due before class:
- Present your final project to the rest of the class. (Arrive promptly and be prepared to
stay late so that everyone can present.) We will only have
10-15 minutes for each presentation (including questions and discussion)
Topics covered:
- Final Individual presentations
Other Information
MIAP Digital Archive: In addition to any paper or other materials that must be submitted for a course project, all MIAP course projects will be submitted with accompanying electronic copies. The ‘e-versions’ will be made part of the MIAP digital archive. Provide all files with (1) a MIAP Submission Form and (2) file names that follow MIAP guidelines (which you will receive soon). Identify on the Submission Form any content that might require access restrictions.
Plagiarism Advisory:
Plagiarism and other violations of the University’s published
policies are serious offenses and will be punished severely.
Plagiarism includes presenting or paraphrasing a phrase, sentence, or
passage of a published work (including material from the World-Wide
Web) in a paper or exam answer without quotation marks and attribution
of the source, submitting your own original work toward requirements in
more than one class without the prior permission of the instructors,
submitting a paper written by someone else, submitting as your own work
any portion of a paper or research that you purchased from another
person or commercial firm, and presenting in any other way the work,
ideas, data, or words of someone else without attribution. These are
punishable offenses whether intended or unintended (e.g., occurs
through poor citations or confusion about how to reference properly).
You are encouraged to read additional texts and to discuss the issues
of this course and your papers with others; but if you use ideas that
come from others, you must acknowledge their help. It is always
better
to err on the side of acknowledging other people than to fail to do
so.
Other offenses against academic integrity include: collaborating with others on assignments without the express permission of the instructor, giving your work to another student to submit as his/her own, copying answers from another student or source materials during examinations, secreting or destroying library or reference materials. . If you have any questions about how to cite sources, what constitutes appropriate use of a text, or other matters of academic integrity, please discuss them with your course instructor.
Anyone caught plagiarizing will fail the course. In addition, violations of academic integrity, including plagiarism, call for disciplinary action through the University.